Studies & References

A joint agreement dated 19 January 2026 between the NTT Provincial Government and Kupang City Government to optimise SPAM Kali Dendeng and clean water distribution to urban and industrial customers.

Technical principles of industrial wastewater treatment, modular wastewater treatment plants (IPAL) and water reuse to improve utility efficiency in food processing and manufacturing plants.

Implementation of healthcare facility medical waste management partnerships in NTT with licensed transporter and processor PT Wastec International, managing 196.710 kg (196,71 tonnes) in 2024.

Documentation of oily water handling, a sludge tank capacity of 55 m³, and storage of used lubricating oil in drums at the PLTD Tenau II power plant in Kupang.

Comprehensive regulations covering the storage, collection, transport, utilisation and treatment of hazardous waste (B3), washing of used B3 containers and cleaning of ship tanks.

Technical guidance on refrigerated storage, healthcare facility medical waste storage time limits, and requirements for licensed autoclave treatment and incinerator technology.

Environmental health requirements for healthcare facilities and the legal basis for partnerships with licensed third parties to manage infectious medical waste.

Routine fuel sounding monitoring and inspections of tugboat and pilot boat tanks in the Tenau Port area of Kupang in February 2025.

Mandatory occupational safety standards for tank cleaning, energy isolation, hazardous gas testing and confined space technician qualifications.

A comparison of commercial facilities for tank cleaning, washing used hazardous waste (B3) containers and licensed industrial waste incineration in Indonesia.

A facility model for reconditioning 1.000-litre Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBC) and drums to international standards for circular industrial use.

An industrial model for end-of-life IT asset disposition (ITAD): certified data erasure, hardware reconditioning, spare parts recovery and licensed e-waste recycling.

Law enforcement context and strict Indonesian regulatory provisions governing electronic waste (e-waste) management and prohibiting hazardous waste smuggling.

SIPSN data estimate 26,67 tonnes of waste per day from trade, hotels, restaurants and cafés in Kupang City, with organic material forming the dominant share.

An empowerment initiative for bioconverting organic kitchen waste from markets and residential areas into BSF larvae and producing livestock feed pellets in Oesapa Barat, Kupang.

Standards for quality inspection, sanitation and issuance of export phytosanitary certificates for dried BSF larvae products as raw materials for global aquaculture feed.

Development of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm cultivation in Kupang Regency (October 2026), producing high-protein earthworm meal biomass and quality vermicompost organic fertiliser.

Comprehensive guidance on cultivating earthworms that decompose organic matter, preparing growing media, harvesting vermicompost and improving soil NPK and micronutrients.

Technical training on collecting and purifying used cooking oil from household frying and coastal food stalls in West Kupang on 28 August 2026.

The first commercial flight using Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) based on a blend of refined used cooking oil (UCO) from Pertamina's Cilacap refinery (August 2025).

Action research on collecting 6 tonnes of recyclable materials (cardboard, archive paper, PET plastic bottles and cans) through waste bank networks in Kupang City.

A model for highly absorbent packaging paper manufacturing using 100 percent recovered paper and used cardboard fibres (old corrugated containers/OCC).

A supply chain for sorted PET plastic bottle recycling, flake processing, hygienic washing and extrusion into food-grade plastic pellets in Indonesia.